Not recommended for frostbite management?

• A. Gradual rewarming
• B. Elevation of the limb
• C. Rubbing the frostbitten area
• D. Seek medical help if severe

Answer: (C)

Rubbing frostbitten tissue is not recommended because the tissue is already damaged and extremely fragile. Friction from rubbing can tear skin, injure nerves and blood vessels, and worsen the tissue injury. The safer, effective approach is gradual rewarming and protection of the affected area.

In practice, move to a warm, sheltered place and remove wet clothing. Rewarm the area slowly in water around 37–39°C (98–102°F) or use body heat, avoiding direct heat sources and any rubbing or massage. Keep the area warm and dry after rewarming and, if possible, elevate the limb to help reduce swelling.

Seek medical help if the frostbite covers a large area, involves deep tissue, there are blisters, the skin looks hard or waxy, or sensation and color do not return promptly—especially if there’s a risk of refreezing.