What is the key difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?

• A. Heat stroke is less dangerous
• B. Heat stroke is due to dehydration
• C. Heat stroke lasts longer
• D. Heat stroke involves altered mental status

Answer: (D)

The key difference is brain involvement. Heat stroke causes the body's cooling system to fail, leading to a dangerous rise in core temperature with resulting altered mental status—confusion, agitation, seizures, or unconsciousness. That change in mental status is what sets heat stroke apart from heat exhaustion, where dehydration and electrolyte loss cause fatigue, dizziness, and weakness but the person typically remains mentally alert. Heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring rapid cooling and urgent care, while heat exhaustion can be managed with rest, shade, and fluids. The other statements don’t capture this essential difference.