Which action is appropriate for frostbite treatment?

• A. Rubbing the frostbitten area
• B. Immediate hot water immersion
• C. Elevation of the limb
• D. Gradual rewarming, no rubbing

Answer: (D)

Gradual rewarming is the best approach because it restores warmth and blood flow to frozen tissue without causing further damage. Rewarming slowly in warm water around 37–39°C (not hot) for about 15–30 minutes helps the tissues recover while minimizing additional injury from rapid temperature changes. Do not rub frostbitten skin—massaging can tear numb, fragile tissue and worsen the injury. Direct heat sources (like hot water burns, heating pads, or flames) should be avoided because the skin may be numb and unable to sense heat, leading to burns once sensation returns. Elevating the limb can help reduce swelling and discomfort, but the primary and most important step is gradual rewarming. After rewarming, keep the area dry and protected and seek medical help; avoid refreezing the area, and monitor for blisters or signs of infection.