Which signs may indicate a head injury?

• A. Itching
• B. Sneezing
• C. Confusion, vomiting, unequal pupils
• D. Hearing loss

Answer: (C)

When assessing a possible head injury, watch for red-flag signs that indicate the brain may be affected. Confusion shows the person isn’t processing information normally after a impact, which can signal a concussion or more serious brain injury. Vomiting after head trauma can reflect internal brain irritation or rising pressure, especially if it’s repeated or occurs soon after the impact. Unequal pupils—one pupil larger or reacting differently to light than the other—suggest possible bleeding inside the skull or other brain injury and require urgent medical evaluation.

These signs are direct indicators of potential brain dysfunction, making them the most reliable signals in this context. By contrast, itching and sneezing are common, non-specific bodily responses and don’t indicate a head injury. Hearing loss can occur from ear problems or pressure changes and isn’t, on its own, a clear sign of brain injury, though it can accompany trauma in some cases.

If you notice confusion, vomiting, or unequal pupils after a head impact, seek medical help promptly. Keep the person safe and as still as possible, monitor their breathing and responsiveness, and get professional assessment as soon as you can.